Automotive Essay

Q 1, How well is â€Å"Jones Electrical Distribution† performing? What must Jones do well to succeed? First Quarter 2004 2005 2006 2007 Sales increase 18% 17% ROE 7.6% 13.6% 12.3% 2.0% Sustainable growth rate 7.6% 13.6% 12.3% 2.0% Profit Margin 0.9% 1.5% 1.34% 0.8% Assets turnover 2.76 2.88 2.86 0.70 financial leverage 3.20 3.12 3.23 3.49 Shareholder’s equity 31% 32% 31% 29% From coverage ratio analysis we can see Jones electrical distribution’s business is stable business as a retailer. Sales increase 18% and 17% in 2006 and 2007 respectively, with estimation in 2007 will be 20.4%. Shareholder’s equity is around 30%. Jones sustainable growth rate: g*=RT*ROA, so compare with actual sales growth, we can make the conclusion Jones well managed its growth through year of 2004 to 2007. As Jones doing low margin business, so should avoid high financial leverage ratio as interest burden will be heavy. Q2, why does a business that has profit of $30,000 per year need a bank loan? 2004 2005 2006 First Quarter 2007 collection period 42.0 days 44.0 days 43.0 days 43.9 days payables period 10.1 days 10.0 days 24.1 days 37.4 days From above table we can find out Jones collection period increased step by step and this will need more cash support that, payables period exceed 10 days from 2006, this will lost 2% discount from suppliers. As Jones sales growth rate is high than sustainable rate, so its net earning could not support increased account receivable and inventory. Then the company need bank loan to finance the increase business. Q3, What drove the increase in Jones’s accounts receivable and inventory balances in 2005 and 2006? Sales growth drove the increase of accounts receivable and inventory balances in 2005 and 2006. Q4, Is Nelson Jones’s estimate that a $350,000 line of credit is sufficient for 2007 accurate? As Jones estimated growth rate in 2007 is 20% for sales, so account receivable and inventory will increase as a consequence. Total $129,000 is needed if collection period and inventory will not improve. As Jones accounts payable in first quarter exceed 37 days already, this will makes Jones loss 2% discount from suppliers, accumulated 24% against 7.5% interest rate. So this makes sense for Jones get loans build inventory within 10days payment. Total inventory change $129,000+$120.000=$249.000. So $350,000 line of credit is sufficient for 2007 even the bank set some limitations how to use the credit. Q5, When will Jones be able to repay the line of credit? As long term debt already $378,000 in first quarter of 2007, plus additional bank loan $350,000. So total credit will be $720,000 Net income for Jones is $30,000 and with stable growth rate, so Jones need around 25 years repay all the credit. Q6, What could Jones do to reduce the size of the line of credit he needs? Jones should manage closely reduce collection period and increase inventory turn over to reduce work capital.

Application of Biotechnology 1

Biotechnology is a field of applied biology that involves the use of living organisms and bioprocesses in engineering, technology, medicine and other fields requiring bioproducts. The concept encompasses a wide range of procedures for modifying living organisms according to human purposes. For thousands of years, humans have used selective breeding to improve production of crops and livestock to use them for food. In selective breeding, organisms with desirable characteristics are mated to produce offspring with the same characteristics. For example, this technique was used with corn to produce the largest and sweetest crops. In the early twentieth century scientists gained a greater understanding of microbiology and explored ways of manufacturing specific products. Biotechnology has also led to the development of antibiotics. In 1928, Alexander Fleming discovered the mold Penicillium. It is use to treat bacterial infections in humans. The first use of biotechnology was used in fermentation. Throughout the use of agriculture, farmers have inadvertently altered the genetics of their crops through introducing them to new environments and breeding them with other plants one of the first forms of biotechnology. Applications Biotechnology has applications in four major industrial areas, including health care (medical), crop production and agriculture, non food (industrial) uses of crops and other products (e. g. biodegradable plastics, vegetable oil, biofuels), and environmental uses. Biotechnology is also used to recycle, treat waste, clean up sites contaminated by industrial activities (bioremediation), and also to produce biological weapons. 1. Medicine a. Genetic testing: Genetic testing involves the direct examination of the DNA molecule itself. A scientist scans a patient's DNA sample for mutated sequences. The tests can detect mutations associated with rare genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and Huntington's disease. Gene tests may not detect every mutation associated with a particular condition because many are as yet undiscovered Gene testing is used for: 1. Determining sex; 2. Forensic/identity testing; 3. Newborn screening; 4. Prenatal diagnostic screening. b. Human Genome Project: The Human Genome Project is an initiative of the U. S. Department of Energy. It has helped us to determine the exact chemical sequence that constitutes the DNA in every cell of a human body. It has the following advantages: 1. Doctors could drip droplets of our genes into a biochip to figure out if we have cancer that could kill or a disease that would respond to a particular drug. 2. Scientists could analyse selective genes from parents and could design babies before conception. c. Cloning: Cloning in biology is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually. It involves the removal of the nucleus from one cell and its placement in an unfertilized egg cell whose nucleus has either been deactivated or removed. There are two types of cloning: 1. Reproductive cloning. After a few divisions, the egg cell is placed into a uterus where it is allowed to develop into a fetus that is genetically identical to the donor of the original nucleus. 2. Therapeutic cloning. The egg is placed into a Petri dish where it develops into embryonic stem cells, which have shown potentials for treating several ailments. 2. Agriculture a. Crop yield: Using the techniques of modern biotechnology, one or two genes may be transferred to a highly developed crop variety to impart a new character that would increase its yield. However, while increases in crop yield are the most obvious applications of modern biotechnology in agriculture, it is also the most difficult one. Current genetic engineering techniques work best for effects that are controlled by a single gene. Many of the genetic characteristics associated with yield (e. g. , enhanced growth) are controlled by a large number of genes, each of which has a minimal effect on the overall yield. There is, therefore, much scientific work to be done in this area. b. Reduced vulnerability of crops to environmental stresses: Crops containing genes that will enable them to withstand biotic and abiotic stresses may be developed. For example, drought and excessively salty soil are two important limiting factors in crop productivity. Researchers have also created transgenic rice plants that are resistant to rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV). In Africa, this virus destroys majority of the rice crops and makes the surviving plants more susceptible to fungal infections. . Reduced dependence on fertilizers, pesticides and other agrochemicals: Most of the current commercial applications of modern biotechnology in agriculture are on reducing the dependence of farmers on agrochemicals. For example, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a soil bacterium that produces a protein with insecticidal qualities. Crops have also been genetically engineered to acquire tolerance to broad-spectrum herbicide. M ultiple applications of numerous herbicides were routinely used to control a wide range of weed species detrimental to agronomic crops. 3. Bioremediation and biodegradation Biotechnology is being used to engineer and adapt organisms especially microorganisms in an effort to find sustainable ways to clean up contaminated environments. The elimination of a wide range of pollutants and wastes from the environment is an absolute requirement to promote a sustainable development of our society with low environmental impact. Biological processes play a major role in the removal of contaminants and biotechnology is taking advantage of the astonishing catabolic versatility of microorganisms to degrade/convert such compounds. Marine environments are especially vulnerable since oil spills of coastal regions and the open sea are poorly containable and mitigation is difficult. In addition to pollution through human activities, millions of tons of petroleum enter the marine environment every year from natural seepages. Despite its toxicity, a considerable fraction of petroleum oil entering marine systems is eliminated by the hydrocarbon-degrading activities of microbial communities.

A Taste of Honey was first performed in 1958. It was set in Manchester Essay

A Taste of Honey was first performed in 1958. It was set in Manchester. Manchester at that time was an industrial town. There were lots of working class people like there is today as well as poverty. The play is about a mother and daughter relationship, Helen and Jo, their problems and their attempts to cope with life. The play is controversial because Helen is a semi-whore which at that time was maybe wasn’t unusual, but wasn’t acceptable. She is divorced and a single parent, according to statistics in 1958 1 in 100 marriages ends in divorce. It was difficult to get divorced and divorce was frowned upon. In the 1950’s single parents were a ‘tiny’ minority of the population because divorce at that time was uncommon. Helen had Jo at a young age. The community would of thought bad about Helen. Conversation between Helen is like verbal sparring. Helen is very self-centred. Jo becomes increasing central to action. Helen is a whore, she goes out for sex in return for money. She is thoughtless, poor and unromantic. We can tell this from act 1 scene 1 because she only thinks about herself, she is need of money and she doesn’t marry for romance, but for money. This shows she is poor and unromantic. Jo is argumentative, mature and responsible at times She is arrogant, she can get angry, she has feelings. Jo is also stubborn, poor, serious, negative, insecure and self-sufficient. The flat is in a poor condition. When Helen and Jo go in to the flat, Jo’s first impression is bad. She doesn’t like it. † well! this is the place† â€Å"and I don’t like it† This quotation shows us that she doesn’t like the flat. Helen says that â€Å"that’s all I can afford† This shows us that Helen is poor. They have to share the bathroom with the community (the people in the building). This takes away a source of privacy. It is very cold and has no heating. â€Å"God! it’s freezing† Helen and Jo have to share one bedroom and even worse they have to share one bed. This has effect on the audience, they surely know now that Helen is poor. This shows Helen and Jo don’t have there own space. The view out of the window is appalling. A slaughter house and gas works which Helen seems to think of it as a very good thing. She say’s â€Å"there’s a lovely view of the gasworks†, but Jo doesn’t approve of it. She say’s â€Å"It will smell in the summer†. â€Å"I wonder what it’ll be like here in the summer? It’ll smell†. Helen is just trying to make best of the situation. The window is in a poor state as well. It is giving out a cold draught. The light bulb has no shade, which Jo doesn’t approve of. She puts her scarf around it. Jo: â€Å"Can I have that chair Helen? I’ll put my scarf around it† Jo is trying to sort things out. There is a reversal in role. Helen say’s she will get one the next day, but there is no evidence that she does get it the next day. Jo is acting like a mother. She has to be independent as her mother doesn’t look after her. This shows us that Helen is short of money and also is not very domesticated and does not act like a typical mother. The flat is a total ruin. The stage directions have a big effect on the audience. There are right acts happening at all times, that gives the play a good atmosphere. The audience see that Helen and Jo are just so argumentative which shows real life. The lightning is dim and dark which causes tension in the audience. There is jazz music in the background which makes the play look all loud which is right because the play is loud most of the time due to the dislikes and arguments of Helen and Jo. Also jazz music was associated with working class and has black influences. This was a little suppressive. The characters in act 1 scene 1 Helen, Jo and Peter are always in close conversation. They are always on the right track when talking. The play is centred around conversation rather then action. This gives an everyday life feel to it. All three characters are argumentative as well. Jo and Helen mostly because as mother and daughter they are constantly arguing. Jo has a lot of dislikes; she is completely different. Helen doesn’t bother about anything, she gets money for sex and then wastes it on unnecessary things when really, she should be looking after her daughter Jo. Peter enters near the end of the scene. He is the man who Helen had previously left. He is a brash car salesman. He has come back for Helen which means he is after more sex and Helen is after more money. Peter has a dislike for Jo who is trying to ruin his relationship with Helen. Peter enters the scene as a typical salesman. He is smartly dressed and has a cigar in his mouth. He has come back for Helen, but unfortunately Jo turns him away. Peter acts all posh and rich after looking at the state of the flat and at the tenements, cemetery and slaughter house. Peter is offering to marry Helen, who is in turn is old enough to be his. We can tell this because it say’s in the book. There is a lot of conflict between Peter and Jo as she doesn’t want him interfering with her mother. There is a lot of conflict between Jo and Helen all throughout the scene for various reasons. Helen isn’t looking after Jo as she really should. The scene ends by Peter leaving and Helen and Jo talking properly about one thing which they haven’t done all through out act 1 scene 1. They have a typical mother and daughter chat in which Jo admits to being scared of the dark, but Helen comforts her by saying you shouldn’t be scared of the dark. A Taste of Honey is a typical kitchen and sink drama because there are poor surroundings. The everyday language is different. There are constant conflicts and arguments which causes tension and all the action takes place in one room. A Taste Of Honey surely doesn’t reflect real life.

Ensure Team Effectiveness Project

Momi jeweler| Sandeep kaur std01943| Aitt college| | Table of Contents 1 Name of the organisation2 2 Your position2 3 Type of position:2 4 Organisation background:2 5 Your role:2 6 Action plan:-2 7 Outcomes3 8 Alternative process3 8 IMPLEMENTATION4 10 Budget allocation4 11 conclusion4 1 Name of the organisation: momi jewellery shop 2 Your position:- Team leader of distribution and warehousing. 3 Type of position: – frontline management position. Reason for your new position developed: – there are many reason for develop team leader of distribution and warehousing position.The one reason is that nobody there to work for this situation, to achieve their goals, completes the organisation’s expectations. Work for company profit and production and provide good service to people so that every person can do their work with responsibility. 4 Organisation background:- it is a large jeweller firm. The organisation manufactures, imports and repairs jewellery for distributio n to its many stores in all states. There are 12 team members, from different background and with differing levels of expertise.Some team members have worked with the organisation and in this vision, for members of years. Other team members are relatively new, while some have worked in other department/ sections of the organisation before being transferred to your division. 5 Your role: – your initial role, therefore, is that of trouble shooter, problem solver and team facilitator. You need to bring this group of people together to form a cohesive, effective and productive team. 6 Action plan:- action plan are very necessary to get a team goals and their expectation ,This Action Plan builds upon the Strategic Framework developed as a, result of an extensive research programme with businesses in the Jewellery shop, 2 The purpose of the research was to produce evidence to inform the development of a Strategy and Action Plan to support businessgrowth and development in the secto r. While the focus wastherefore on factors affecting economic development, the researchcovered broader aspects relating to sustainability, i. . environmentaland social factors. As a result a number of indirect factors have beenidentified and these have been taken into account in formulating boththe Strategy and Action Plan. 3The Actions have short medium and long lead delivery times. Each Action has been developed as aPracticalactivity, although some may be considered to be preparationfor future delivery. Where possible they build upon broaderinterventions already on offer to the business community from arange of stakeholders and providers. Apprenticeship orImproversNetwork:-Identify those companies that would support andshare the cost of developing a network which enableda small number of apprenticeships to be awardedeach year and provided work placements forimprovers. Starters fund Establish small grants schemes to supportbusiness start-ups with access to equipmentand purchase of tools. 7 Outcomes 1 Improved understandingand focus on trainingavailable and successionplanning. 2 Raised awareness of thesector 3More new product andimprove turnaround times (reference=http://www. jewelleryquarter. net/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/jibss_action_plan24909. df) 8 Alternative process If these process will not working then we have to use alternative process so the person can perform well like forming, storming, norming and performing these are the necessary stages for team development. So there must be training process so the employ can learn properly and perform properly 8 IMPLEMENTATION The following section sets out some proposals for the adoption andimplementation of the Action Plan. Action 1: An early activity should be to gain formal recognition for the Plan from Jewellers Association Company as principal funders of itsdevelopment.The achievement of this recognition should be led bysupport of the Steering Group and the nominated Business Champion. Action plan 2 shou ld bring together appropriate representativesfrom those agencies identified in the Plan to confirm their support and to identify/confirm the lead organisation for each activity. This group,or some form of it, should agree to develop a formal remit and to actas a project management group for implementation. Action plan 3 An assessment of the resourcing implications ofimplementation and delivery. This should include identifyingfunding to enable the employment of a co-ordinator. 10 Budget allocationAction | Budget / Expenses ($)| 01| 5000| 02| 2750| 03| 3600| 04| 8900| 11 conclusion In the end we can say that in this large jewellery shop which is working for manufactures, import and repairs jewellery and it has many store in all states. I just have appointed there for team leader as a frontline management position so I can work for complete its expectation and goals. there were lack communication so I made some of action plan which will good shop and it will increase its productivity. 12 reference Books and website:- (http://www. jewelleryquarter. net/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/jibss_action_plan24909. pdf)

Globalisation and Small Medium Enterprises Essay

Globalisation and Small Medium Enterprises - Essay Example executives are required to make frequent visits to foreign markets to meet foreign distributors and to participate in trade missions and trade shows. Global strategic planning is increasingly becoming essential for SMEs. Introduction Globalization as a business concept came to the forefront some twenty years ago. There is much more to globalization than just business conducted through export-import activities and foreign direct investments (FDI). Globalization of enterprises means the set of operations or coordinated actions, which an enterprise may take to make its presence felt in other markets or to benefit from resources originating from other markets. And for the SMEs, with their limited resources, it is one of the toughest choices to make because of the numerous risks inherent in it. A number of SMEs, which are quite prosperous locally, fail to rise in foreign markets.Emerging SMEs in the new economic order in most of the growing market economies as well as in countries in transition are constantly in pressure to cope with the challenges of the opening market economies, especially in wake of the enlargement of the EU. For instance, Austria's inclusion into the EU brought fresh opportunities for the Austrian SMEs, however it brought considerable threats as well, for they come into confrontation with a more complex and dynamic environment. This demands an adapted system of planning and control-tool to secure and strengthen their competencies on part of the marketing-management in SMEs. In recent years, a slew of international strategies for the SME have been analyzed and forwarded by OECD countries, however, there exist a considerable variance regarding the importance and the utilization. Yet, an area, which deserves a fair...They are worried, that there will be an effect of exclusion of SMEs, which will be pushed to the margin of this process to the advantage of better financed and more internationalized giant corporation. In some cases this risk may be a real one." "the majority of our sample enterprises have experienced an evolution in line with the Internationalization Stages Theory, they equally use many other types of inter-enterprise accords (strategic alliances).These more flexible methods insert themselves between the more "popular strategies" within the Internationalization Stages theory (see figure 2). It is plausible to believe that the utilization of accords, as well as alleviating the problem of constraints on resources, which is a frequent problem among SMEs, opens the path towards the adoption of more important strategies as the enterprises commits itself more and more in the foreign market."5 "Often their (that means Entrepreneurs) first attempt at moving outside their local market is to Europeanise their activities. At a European level we are trying to make it easier for them to make that leap forward. It began with the single market process that generated a great deal of excitement at the beginning of the 1990s.

Gender Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Gender Identity - Essay Example This paper stresses that gender identity is the sense of identification whether you are a male or a female. This concept entails appearance, behaviors and several other aspects which are always influenced by society and culture. This report makes a conclusion that psychologists believe that human identities are the composition of separate components. The first involves the child’s orientation towards sex whether he is homosexual, heterosexual or bisexual. Second important aspect is child’s behavior whether a male is a sensitive boy or macho type guy or a female is tomboyish or homemaker type lady. The third aspect involves core gender identity that determines whether a child is according to his or her sex or opposite to it. Still scientists and researchers are quite uncertain to predict when these feelings arise and come forward. Some consider this phenomenon as physical while others believe that it is mental or psychological fact. There is also a great debate that gender identity is shaped by the maturity of hormones mainly estrogens and testosterones. Gender identity comes into view by age of two which is a combination of sociological as well as biological factors. Beside sex differences, mal es and females are quite different from childhood. As girls reach to maturity quicker and faster than boys. Girls are healthier and have abilities to develop written and oral skills quicker as compared to boys.

Choose an American film made in the period since 1945 which, in your Essay

Choose an American film made in the period since 1945 which, in your view, can legitimately be described as 'popular' - Essay Example This essay will be exploring some of the textual and contextual criticism on this film. It will also examine the role or place for this film in a social, cultural and industrial context. Let us begin with a brief overview of film history from the mid 1940's up through the late nineties, when Titanic was introduced. During the 1940's, film evolved in a newly post war time and the genre of film noir began. During the 1950's post classical age in film, the introduction of television challenged the idea of film as it had been known. The 1960's brought with it the genesis of independent film which threatened the system of big Hollywood film. It was not until the 1970's that the term and idea of "blockbuster" was invented. By this time, the "new wave" of film was in place and the idea of cinema was changing. The 1980's kept the new idea of "blockbuster" alive with the introduction of teen based films (Breakfast Club, Saint Elmo's Fire). It was not until the 1990's that computer animation was alive and prominent in mainstream films. The movie Titanic arrived as not only a film using then, cutting edge computer animation but also an enormous (one of the largest in film history, a whopping $200 million USD) budget. Prior to this time period, big budget film was not as prominent. As an audience member to a showing of Titanic, one could watch a computer animated version of the famous ship ( The Titanic), slowly sink over a 2 hour period, bottom first followed by the full erecting of the ship in the Atlantic and finally the virtual sinking of the very ship that was never supposed to sink. This film is classified as historical drama or epic film, by most critics. An epic film or a historical drama (one in the same), can be defined as a historically based film that has been recreated and built upon fictionally. Usually, the use of powerful scoring and elaborate costumes can recreate a historical time or legend, so that the audience gains a sense of realism from the piece. In observing some criticism on the film, one critic says of Titanic"By deliberately adopting the stylistics of sentimentality in his screenplay, Cameron recalls yet another, less cynical time in Titanic. As with the golden age of Hollywood musicals or the 1950s-era films of Doris Day and Rock Hudson, Titanic eschews the irony of modernity and the narrative dislocation of post modernity in favor of yet another, more sentimentalized genre in which good inevitably wins out over evil, heroes invariably overcome class barriers, and lovers always find the means to endure despite harrowing odds" (Davis, Womack, 2001). This piece of criticism is referring to the film as viewing a "less cynical time" when that is really untrue. The essential conflict of the film, aside from the immanently sinking ship, is that the newly love stricken Jack (Leonardo DiCaprio) and Rose (Kate Winslet) cannot be together but, due to their class differences, and Rose's engagement to another man, they are unable t o be together. Certainly, if there is any truth to the circumstances of Jack and Rose, the entire time period was more than cynical. They were kept apart because one had financial means and social status while the other did not. The sentimentality observed by this critic is not necessarily pointing out a less than cynical time. Love, especially unrequited love is timeless and